What are the three dimensions the Human Development Index combines?

• A. Population growth, education indicators, and life expectancy.
• B. Life expectancy, education indicators (mean and expected years of schooling), and GNI per capita (PPP-adjusted).
• C. Inflation, GDP growth, and life expectancy.
• D. Literacy rate, access to clean water, and housing quality.

Answer: (B)

The main idea is that the Human Development Index blends three key areas of human well-being: health, education, and living standards. For health, it uses life expectancy at birth to reflect how long people can expect to live. For education, it combines two measures—mean years of schooling for adults and expected years of schooling for children—to capture both current educational attainment and future potential. For living standards, it uses gross national income per capita adjusted for purchasing power parity, so income comparisons account for price differences across countries. These three dimension indicators are then combined into a single HDI value, emphasizing progress beyond only economic growth. The other options mix in factors like population growth, inflation, or basic amenities that aren’t part of the HDI’s three dimensions, so they don’t fit the index’s structure.